> debug(comments)
> comments()
debugging in: comments()
debug: {
objects <- ls(env = parent.env(environment()), ...)
string <- character(0)
for (i in objects) {
if (length(grep("^(\\w|\\.)+$", i, perl = TRUE)) > 0) {
c <- comment(eval(parse(text = i)))
if (!is.null(c)) {
c <- paste(i, c, sep = ": ")
string <- c(string, c)
}
}
}
print.noquote(string)
}
Browse[1]>
debug: objects <- ls(env = parent.env(environment()), ...)
Browse[1]>
debug: string <- character(0)
Browse[1]> ls()
[1] "objects"
Browse[1]>
debug: for (i in objects) {
if (length(grep("^(\\w|\\.)+$", i, perl = TRUE)) > 0) {
c <- comment(eval(parse(text = i)))
if (!is.null(c)) {
c <- paste(i, c, sep = ": ")
string <- c(string, c)
}
}
}
Browse[1]> ls()
[1] "objects" "string"
Browse[1]> objects
[1] "*.bench" "*tmp*" "+.bench"
[4] "SLOGS" "as.bench" "b1"
[7] "bench" "benchrc" "comments"
[10] "errors" "filename" "filename<-"
[13] "hist.bench" "is.bench" "largelm"
[16] "last.warning" "lmb" "lmblog"
[19] "lmx" "lmy" "names.attributes.bench"
[22] "nf" "pb" "plot.bench"
[25] "print.bench" "r" "rcbench"
[28] "read" "read.bench" "screen2x2"
[31] "smalllm" "summary.bench" "t.interval"
[34] "t.value" "top" "trunc"
[37] "x" "xhist" "xrange"
[40] "y" "y.average.lm" "y.error2"
[43] "y.predicted" "y.summary" "yhist"
[46] "yrange" "z
Browse[1]> ls(envir=as.environment(1))
[1] "*.bench" "*tmp*" "+.bench"
[4] "SLOGS" "as.bench" "b1"
[7] "bench" "benchrc" "comments"
[10] "errors" "filename" "filename<-"
[13] "hist.bench" "is.bench" "largelm"
[16] "last.warning" "lmb" "lmblog"
[19] "lmx" "lmy" "names.attributes.bench"
[22] "nf" "pb" "plot.bench"
[25] "print.bench" "r" "rcbench"
[28] "read" "read.bench" "screen2x2"
[31] "smalllm" "summary.bench" "t.interval"
[34] "t.value" "top" "trunc"
[37] "x" "xhist" "xrange"
[40] "y" "y.average.lm" "y.error2"
[43] "y.predicted" "y.summary" "yhist"
[46] "yrange" "z"
Browse[1]> search()
[1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:lattice" "sw"
[4] "package:methods" "package:stats" "package:graphics"
[7] "package:grDevices" "package:utils" "package:datasets"
[10] "Autoloads" "package:base"
El primer entorno es el de trabajo actual, el último
package:base es donde residen las funciones básicas que
implementan R.
Browse[1]> ls(envir=as.environment(2)) # nos muestra los objetos en el package lattice
[1] "Rows" "[.shingle" "as.factorOrShingle"
[4] "as.shingle" "banking" "barchart"
[7] "barley" "bwplot" "canonical.theme"
[10] "cloud" "col.whitebg" "contourplot"
[13] "densityplot" "do.breaks" "dotplot"
[16] "draw.colorkey" "draw.key" "environmental"
[19] "equal.count" "ethanol" "histogram"
[22] "is.shingle" "larrows" "lattice.getOption"
[25] "lattice.options" "latticeParseFormula" "levelplot"
[28] "llines" "lplot.xy" "lpoints"
[31] "lsegments" "lset" "ltext"
[34] "ltransform3dMatrix" "ltransform3dto3d" "melanoma"
[37] "oneway" "panel.3dscatter" "panel.3dwire"
[40] "panel.abline" "panel.arrows" "panel.axis"
[43] "panel.barchart" "panel.bwplot" "panel.cloud"
[46] "panel.contourplot" "panel.curve" "panel.densityplot"
[49] "panel.dotplot" "panel.fill" "panel.grid"
[52] "panel.histogram" "panel.identify" "panel.levelplot"
[55] "panel.linejoin" "panel.lines" "panel.lmline"
[58] "panel.loess" "panel.mathdensity" "panel.pairs"
[61] "panel.parallel" "panel.points" "panel.qq"
[64] "panel.qqmath" "panel.qqmathline" "panel.rug"
[67] "panel.segments" "panel.splom" "panel.stripplot"
[70] "panel.superpose" "panel.superpose.2" "panel.text"
[73] "panel.tmd" "panel.wireframe" "panel.xyplot"
[76] "parallel" "prepanel.lmline" "prepanel.loess"
[79] "prepanel.qqmathline" "qq" "qqmath"
[82] "rfs" "shingle" "show.settings"
[85] "simpleKey" "singer" "splom"
[88] "strip.custom" "strip.default" "stripplot"
[91] "tmd" "trellis.device" "trellis.focus"
[94] "trellis.grobname" "trellis.last.object" "trellis.panelArgs"
[97] "trellis.par.get" "trellis.par.set" "trellis.switchFocus"
[100] "trellis.unfocus" "trellis.vpname" "wireframe"
[103] "xyplot"
> ls(1) # tambien se puede escribir simplemente el indice ...
[1] "*.bench" "*tmp*" "+.bench"
[4] "SLOGS" "as.bench" "b1"
[7] "bench" "benchrc" "comments"
[10] "errors" "filename" "filename<-"
[13] "hist.bench" "is.bench" "largelm"
[16] "last.warning" "lmb" "lmblog"
[19] "lmx" "lmy" "names.attributes.bench"
[22] "nf" "pb" "plot.bench"
[25] "print.bench" "r" "rcbench"
[28] "read" "read.bench" "screen2x2"
[31] "smalllm" "summary.bench" "t.interval"
[34] "t.value" "top" "trunc"
[37] "x" "xhist" "xrange"
[40] "y" "y.average.lm" "y.error2"
[43] "y.predicted" "y.summary" "yhist"
[46] "yrange" "z"
Browse[1]> ls(envir=.GlobalEnv) # Otra forma ...
[1] "*.bench" "*tmp*" "+.bench"
[4] "SLOGS" "as.bench" "b1"
[7] "bench" "benchrc" "comments"
[10] "errors" "filename" "filename<-"
[13] "hist.bench" "is.bench" "largelm"
[16] "last.warning" "lmb" "lmblog"
[19] "lmx" "lmy" "names.attributes.bench"
[22] "nf" "pb" "plot.bench"
[25] "print.bench" "r" "rcbench"
[28] "read" "read.bench" "screen2x2"
[31] "smalllm" "summary.bench" "t.interval"
[34] "t.value" "top" "trunc"
[37] "x" "xhist" "xrange"
[40] "y" "y.average.lm" "y.error2"
[43] "y.predicted" "y.summary" "yhist"
[46] "yrange" "z"
Browse[1]> find("is") # En que entorno esta el objeto "is"?
[1] "package:methods"
Browse[1]> x <- 4 # Ahora la "x" del entorno enmascara la del entorno padre ...
Browse[1]> ls()
[1] "objects" "string" "x"
Browse[1]> x
[1] 4
Browse[1]> get("x",1)[1:2,] # Accedemos a la "x" del entorno padre
SIZE SORTED wall cusr csys CPU
1 10000 19 0.19 0.18 0 0.18
2 10000 18 0.19 0.18 0 0.18
FILE
1 from_10000_to_100000_sort-reverse_20times.txt
2 from_10000_to_100000_sort-reverse_20times.txt
Browse[1]> exists("is") # Comprueba si un objeto existe en el camino de búsqueda
[1] TRUE
Browse[1]> exists("is", 4)
[1] TRUE
Browse[1]> exists("is", 5)
[1] FALSE
¿Como asignar un valor a un objeto cuyo nombre se conoce y que esta almacenado
en una cadena?
Browse[1]> var <- "h" Browse[1]> for (i in 1:2) assign(paste(var,i,sep=""), i) Browse[1]> h1 [1] 1 Browse[1]> h2 [1] 2 Browse[1]> ls() [1] "h1" "h2" "i" "objects" "string" "var" "x" Browse[1]> for (i in 1:2) assign(paste(var,i,sep=""), i, pos=1) Browse[1]> ls(1, pat="^h") [1] "h1" "h2" "hist.bench" Browse[1]> rm(h1,h2,pos=1) Browse[1]> ls(1, pat="^h") [1] "hist.bench"¿Cómo eliminar todos los objetos en el espacio de trabajo, incluyendo los escondidos (los que empiezan por punto)?
> system("pwd")
/home/pp2/src/perl/bench/tmp
> ls()
character(0)
> x <- 1; y <- 2
> ls()
[1] "x" "y"
> rm(list=ls(all=T))
> ls()
character(0)
assign |
Crea una nueva pareja nombre = valor |
exists |
Comprueba si un objeto dado existe |
get |
Devuelve una copia del objeto si existe |
objects |
Devuelve un vector de cadenas con los nombres de los objetos en el entorno |
remove |
Suprime los objetos especificados |
La funcion new.env nos permite crear un entorno:
> e1 <- new.env(TRUE, NULL) # these two have parent package:base.
> e2 <- new.env(FALSE, NULL)
> assign("a", 3, env=e2)
> parent.env(e1) <- e2
> get("a", env=e1)
[1] 3